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Gender Differences, Gamma Phase Synchrony and SchizophreniaThe authors discuss gender differences found in patients with schizophrenia. Their group is the first to explore the possibility that gender differences in schizophrenia are mediated by differences in integrative network activity, reflected in a synchronous phase of high frequency (40 Hz) gamma activity.
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Psychiatric Manifestations of HIV Infection and AIDSPatients with HIV infection are at risk of developing psychiatric symptoms and disorders similar to those seen in the general population. What unique biological, psychological and environmental factors are involved in treating this population?
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Posttraumatic Stress in Medically Ill PatientsA major physical illness or procedure, such as a myocardial infarction (MI), a transplant operation, or a life-threatening attack of asthma, can be emotionally traumatic,1,2 but the study of posttraumatic reactions in the medically ill is relatively new. Only in the past 2 decades or so it has been recognized that, in fact, medical illness and its treatment can be traumatic, and only since the publication of DSM-IV in 1994 has medical illness been included as a potentially traumatic event that may lead to the development of posttraumatic symptoms.
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Prenatal Risk Factors in SchizophreniaSignificant research developments in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia have occurred during the past several years. One such advance is the "neurodevelopmental" hypothesis that events during early brain development, especially the prenatal and perinatal periods, may play an important causal role in at least some, and perhaps many, cases of schizophrenia.
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Overcoming Resistant Personality Disorders: A Personalized Psychotherapy ApproachOvercoming Resistant Personality Disorders is a provocative and well-reasoned, yet frustrating volume. In it, the authors challenge various authorities on the subject; for example, they criticize the DSM for its failure to "officially endorse an underlying set of principles that would interrelate and differentiate the categories in terms of their deeper principles" and for its current Axis II categories.
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Psychopathy: Insights for General PracticeWhile incarceration is the definitive “treatment” for some, psychopathy exists on a spectrum like any other mental disorder; more recent research suggests the condition is capable of responding to treatment.
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Mayo Clinic Expert on Social Media: An Opportunity for PsychiatristsAs the 3 most common online activities include internet search, e-mail, and searching for health care information, physicians are obligated to put reliable health care information in the path of the patient.
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Predicting Outcome in SchizophreniaCan sociodemographic and clinical variables predict outcome in cases of schizophrenia? Results from studies related to prognostic variables for schizophrenia have yielded interesting yet inconsistent results.
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7 Medical Illnesses That May Present as AnxietyBeyond psychosocial implications of anxiety disorders, an array of physiological effects may ensue.
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The Link Between Substance Abuse, Violence, and SuicideEmerging research suggests that some individuals with particular types of substance use and abuse may be more likely to engage in suicidal behaviors. For example, those who use opiates, cocaine, or sedatives may have a noticeably higher risk of suicide than those who use other drugs.
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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Depression: A Changing LandscapeClinicians can feel confident in the evidence base when referring patients with a moderate level of treatment resistance for rTMS. Preliminary results suggest that deep rTMS may be an effective option in patients who have failed to respond to more than one antidepressant treatment.
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Mood Stabilizers and Novel Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Borderline Personality DisorderThis article focuses on data concerning the efficacy of mood stabilizers in the treatment of BPD.
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Auditory Hallucinations in Adult PopulationsThis article focuses on auditory hallucinations, which occur in a range of psychiatric and medical disorders as well as in individuals without mental illness.
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Auditory Hallucinations in Psychiatric IllnessAn overview of the characteristics of auditory hallucinations in people with psychiatric illness, and a brief review of treatment options.
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Little-known Facts About Eating Disorders in Older PatientsEating disorders can frequently be unrecognized or masked behind medical conditions, depression, or the natural changes of aging.
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Treatment for Cannabis Use Disorders: A Case ReportIt is vital that psychiatrists are able to identify and characterize cannabis use disorders; provide education; and offer effective, evidence-based treatments. This article provides a brief overview of each of these topics.
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Psychotherapy and Combined Therapy for Depressive Disorders in Later LifeGeriatric psychotherapy has begun to receive consistent and supportive attention in the psychiatric literature. Despite this growing interest in psychotherapy for older adults, studies of efficacy of either psychotherapy alone or of combined treatments for older patients are still limited in number, and more attention to the issue is needed.
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Marketing Off-Label Uses: Shady Practices Within a Gray MarketFor pharmaceutical companies, off-label use of a drug represents a substantial “gray market,” to which the company is unable to sell their product directly, yet may be a significant revenue stream. Some drugs have been used more for off-label purposes than for originally approved indications.1
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Clinical Manual of Geriatric PsychopharmacologyTo assist in meeting the daunting challenge of medication management, the Clinical Manual of Geriatric Psychopharmacology is a valuable, up-to-date resource for any clinician who prescribes for elderly patients.
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Never-Ending Winter: Chronic DepressionMood disorders are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness. Serious depression is especially common; based on a face-to-face survey conducted from December 2001 to December 2002, the past-year prevalence rate of clinically significant major depressive disorder (MDD) was estimated to be 6.6%, affecting at least 13.1 to 14.2 million Americans.
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Borderline Personality Disorder: New Reasons for HopeBorderline Personality Disorder: New Reasons for Hope is one in a series being published by Johns Hopkins University Press on major psychiatric disorders.
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Intervention Helps Workers With DepressionIn the US, depression ranks fifth in the number of disability-adjusted life years lost due to illness and employment problems often persist, even if help is sought. Helping those who want and/or need to work is part of providing comprehensive, patient-centered care.
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Treatment-Resistant Depression: The Role of Gene FactorsMajor depressive disorder (MDD) affects a large proportion of the world's population, but much still needs to be done to categorically improve the lives of people with this condition.
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Bipolar II Disorder: Current Issues in Diagnosis and ManagementThree issues of current concern in bipolar II disorder include: diagnostic criteria for hypomania, diagnosis of mixed depression, and management of mixed depression.
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International Psychopharmacology ResearchA longitudinal study of the nicotine patch for smoking abstinence and a look at new drugs to lower blood pressure in patients with cerebrovascular disease are among the various research studies from Europe, Australia and Asia highlighted in this column.
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Bringing New Medications to the Treatment of AddictionSubstance abuse and addiction are among the most challenging health problems facing our society. Breakthrough discoveries in science continue to refine our understanding of drug abuse and addiction and are yielding new opportunities to translate basic research findings into tangible treatment products. Read about the progress being made by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the world's largest supporter of research on the health aspects of addiction.
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Tools for Assessing Generalized Anxiety DisorderGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic, impairing and highly comorbid psychiatric condition. A small but sufficient group of empirically supported instruments to assess the severity of GAD are now available.
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Headache in Children and Psychiatric ProblemsHeadache is a frequent somatic complaint in childhood and adolescence, and its prevalence has increased over the last few decades. The presence of a comorbid psychiatric disorder tends to worsen the course of headache by increasing attack frequency and severity, making the headaches less responsive to treatment, and increasing the risk of chronification. Identification and treatment of comorbid psychiatric conditions is, therefore, important for the proper management of headache, especially in children and adolescents.
