Jose De Leon, MD

I started promoting pharmacogenetic tests in the 1990s-before they were fashionable-and now, after going through the 3 phases of pharmacogenetic testing (fear, failure, and hype), I am embarrassed.

Heavy smoking and caffeine intake are highly prevalent in patients with psychiatric disorders, both of which significantly impact the metabolism of a number of psychotropic medications. Hence, these factors should be routinely considered in making prescribing decisions.