Cortney Mears

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widely diagnosed disorders: an estimated 8% to 12% of children are affected worldwide. Although many studies about treatment options have been published, the genetic components that underlie the disorder are still being discovered. A special issue of the American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, highlights recent research and includes results from the first genome-wide study of patients with ADHD. Genome-wide studies have successfully identified variants associated with obesity and such diseases as age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, and prostate cancer.

Women with bulimia nervosa (BN) respond more impulsively during psychological testing than do women without eating disorders, according to a recent article in Archives of General Psychiatry.1 Functional MRI showed differences in brain areas responsible for regulating behavior in women with and without BN.

Just the sight of someone smoking may be enough to trigger the desire to start smoking again among those who have kicked the habit. Researchers from Duke University Medical Center have been trying to determine what changes in the brain lead to the desire to start smoking again. They used functional MRI to visualize changes in brain activity of persons who were trying to quit.1 Eighteen adult smokers were scanned once before quitting and 24 hours after quitting. Participants were shown photographs of people smoking during the scanning.

A combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressants to treat anxiety disorders in youngsters has yielded positive results in a government-funded study that was published online by the New England Journal of Medicine.1

Imagine seeing a patient in your office and being able to test for dozens or even hundreds of diseases with just the swipe of a card that contains microscopic samples of the patient’s blood, saliva, or urine. This technology may not be far off.

Persons who live in rural areas in this country often lack access to adequate mental health care. Psychiatrists from Michigan State University (MSU) are tackling their state’s lack of resources by providing counseling via videoconference for patients with psychiatric disorders who live in remote areas.

What role should long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) play in the treatment of patients with mental illness, particularly those with complex mental disorders?

Recent headlines point to research that suggests atypical antipsychotics are no more effective than their older counterparts in the treatment of children and adolescents with schizophrenia and psychosis.

Pharmaceutical giants Eli Lilly and Merck recently announced that beginning in 2009 they will publicly disclose information about payments made to doctors.

A discovery about the brain protein KIBRA, commonly found in the kidneys and brain, could lead to future treatments for Alzheimer disease (AD). Investigators at the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), lead by Corneveaux and Liang, in Phoenix found that the risk for AD is 25% lower in persons who carry the memory-enhancing KIBRA gene.1 This fi nding indicates that there might be a link between KIBRA and some of the proteins with which it interacts.

Scientists from the University of Michigan are beginning a phase 1 clinical trial for the treatment of cancerrelated pain that uses a novel gene transfer vector-an agent used to carry genes into cells-injected into the skin to deliver a pain-relieving gene to the nervous system.

As new data emerge, the debate over whether atypical antipsychotics are superior to typical antipsychotics for treating patients with schizophrenia continues. The May 2008 issue of Psychiatric Services presented several studies that highlight current prescribing trends and opinions.

Discovering the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD) could lead to improved medication and therapeutic treatment for patients with this condition. To date, the cause of MDD is not well understood, but researchers believe that elevated levels of the brain serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), may play a role.

New research is examining the link between schizophrenia/psychosis and select infections affecting the CNS. Two reports investigated this link in children and military personnel in the January 2008 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry.

Some studies have linked antidepressants to suicide ideation in children and adolescents, but could adult suicides be linked to antidepressant use? Andrew C. Leon and associates reviewed the medical examiner reports of 1419 adults who completed suicide from 2001 to 2004 in New York City and determined that there does not appear to be a link between the two.

School-based drug abuse prevention programs do more than just effectively decrease drug use and misuse among children and adolescents, according to a study by Gilbert J. Botvin, PhD and associates, they may also reduce adolescent delinquency, verbal and physical aggression, and fighting.

In September, Gov Rod Blagojevich (D, Ill) signed Senate Bill 234 into law, allowing early state intervention for persons with severe mental illnesses. Before this enactment, the state required that persons must be a danger to themselves or others before court-ordered treatment could take place.

Virtual games, such as World of Warcraft, The Sims, and Second Life, are played by thousands every day, allowing people, worldwide, to connect and share information. In fact, the virtual "worlds" that can be created in these games are now being used to make money (through buying and selling virtual objects), to form partnerships and friendships, and even to conduct business; it is easy to see how many become engrossed in this alternative life.

Medication adherence is a particular challenge for patients with first-episode schizophrenia. In addition to physician and patient concerns about adverse effects of antipsychotics, many patients at this stage are particularly resistant to continuing medications over the long term.

Patients with somatization disorder (SD) who are treated using the psychiatric consultation intervention (PCI) may benefit from the addition of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to their regimen. Dr Leslie A. Allen and colleagues recently conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the outcomes of patients with SD who were treated using a combination of CBT and PCI or treatment with PCI alone. The results were reported in the July issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.